{"title":"GLP-1 Research Compounds","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"glp1-r-40mg","title":"GLP1-R 40MG","description":"OVERVIEW\nRetatrutide is a triple receptor agonist (GGG tri-agonist) that interacts with GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors. While it shares similarities with traditional GLP-1 agonists, its additional activation of the glucagon receptor sets it apart. This unique feature boosts glucagon production, enhancing the breakdown of stored fats and glycogen, leading to an increase in basal metabolism and promoting fat loss.\nBy engaging GLP-1 and GIP receptors, Retatrutide also slows gastric emptying and helps regulate appetite, making it a promising candidate for obesity management and metabolic research. Ongoing studies continue to explore its full therapeutic potential.\nRESEARCH\nWhat is Retatrutide?\nRetatrutide is a modified peptide that incorporates GCGR, GIPR, and GLP-1R agonist activities. Built upon the GIP peptide structure, it has undergone modifications to bind to albumin in the bloodstream, significantly extending its half-life. As a result, Retatrutide requires only once-weekly administration.\nMechanism of Action\nRetatrutide activates three key metabolic receptors:\n\nGIPR (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Receptor): Sends fullness signals from the gut to the brain, helping to control food intake.\nGLP-1R (Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor): Slows gastric emptying, regulates blood sugar, and aids in metabolism management.\nGCGR (Glucagon Receptor): Increases glucagon levels, triggering fat and glycogen breakdown to enhance energy metabolism and weight loss.\n\nBoth human and animal studies have demonstrated that Retatrutide induces significant weight reduction, with some trials reporting up to 24% body weight loss over time.\nRetatrutide and Energy Balance\nRetatrutide aids weight management by increasing energy expenditure while reducing caloric intake:\n\nBoosted metabolism through glucagon receptor activation promotes greater fat breakdown.\nAppetite suppression occurs via central and peripheral mechanisms, reducing overall energy consumption.\n\nClinical Trials and Weight Loss Results\n\nPhase 2 human trials demonstrated up to 20 lbs of weight loss in just 12 weeks.\nA separate study found that waist circumference reductions ranged from 2.1 cm to 10.2 cm over 26 weeks.\nResearch published in the New England Journal of Medicine showed dose-dependent weight loss, with some participants experiencing a 24% reduction in total body weight within 48 weeks.\n\nRetatrutide and Blood Sugar Control\n\nRetatrutide has been shown to lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, an important indicator of long-term blood sugar control.\nImproved HbA1c levels contribute to a reduced risk of diabetes-related complications, including nerve damage, cardiovascular disease, kidney issues, and vision problems.\n\nRetatrutide and Cardiovascular Health\n\nWhile no direct human studies have evaluated Retatrutide’s cardiovascular effects, research in monkeys suggests that it lowers blood pressure while increasing heart rate.\nPrior studies indicate that incretin receptor activation may support lower blood pressure, improved heart function, and better vascular flexibility.\n\nSTRUCTURE\n\nMolecular Formula: C₂₂₃H₃₄₃F₃N₄₆O₇₀\nMolecular Weight: 4731.33 g\/mol\nCAS Registry Number: 2381089-83-2\nPubChem Identifier: 474492335\nAmino Acid Sequence: YA₁QGTFTSDYSIL₂LDKK₄AQA₁AFIEYLLEGGPSSGAPPPS\n\nCITATIONS\n\nT. Coskun et al. LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: From discovery to clinical proof of concept., Cell Metab., Sep. 2022\nT. Coskun et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept., Mol. Metab., Oct. 2018\nS. Urva et al. The novel GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist Retatrutide delays gastric emptying., Diabetes Obes. Metab., Sep. 2023\nG. Winkler et al. A GLP-1 receptor agonist from glucose control to obesity treatment., Orv. Hetil., Oct. 2023\nT. M. Frayling et al. A Common Allele in FGF21 Associated with Sugar Intake Is Associated with Body Shape, Lower Total Body-Fat Percentage, and Higher Blood Pressure., Cell Rep., Apr. 2018\nT. Coskun et al. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Corrects Obesity in Mice., Endocrinology, Dec. 2008\nJ. P. Frias et al. Efficacy and safety of LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes., Lancet Lond. Engl., Nov. 2018\nA. M. Jastreboff et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity – A Phase 2 Trial., N. Engl. J. Med., Aug. 2023\nE. Harris Triple-Hormone Combination Retatrutide Induces 24% Body Weight Loss., JAMA, Jul. 2023\nA. Ray Retatrutide: a triple incretin receptor agonist for obesity management., Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, Nov. 2023\nI. Rix et al. Glucagon Physiology., Endotext, MDText.com, 2000\nA. Ceriello et al. Glucagon and heart in type 2 diabetes: new perspectives., Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 2016","brand":"Biogenesis Peptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50989560103145,"sku":"PS009-1-1-1-1-1-1","price":199.99,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/6559\/1529\/files\/GLP1R-40-MG.png?v=1778509461"},{"product_id":"glp1-r-16mg","title":"GLP1-R 16MG","description":"OVERVIEW\nRetatrutide is a triple receptor agonist (GGG tri-agonist) that interacts with GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors. While it shares similarities with traditional GLP-1 agonists, its additional activation of the glucagon receptor sets it apart. This unique feature boosts glucagon production, enhancing the breakdown of stored fats and glycogen, leading to an increase in basal metabolism and promoting fat loss.\nBy engaging GLP-1 and GIP receptors, Retatrutide also slows gastric emptying and helps regulate appetite, making it a promising candidate for obesity management and metabolic research. Ongoing studies continue to explore its full therapeutic potential.\nRESEARCH\nWhat is Retatrutide?\nRetatrutide is a modified peptide that incorporates GCGR, GIPR, and GLP-1R agonist activities. Built upon the GIP peptide structure, it has undergone modifications to bind to albumin in the bloodstream, significantly extending its half-life. As a result, Retatrutide requires only once-weekly administration.\nMechanism of Action\nRetatrutide activates three key metabolic receptors:\n\nGIPR (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Receptor): Sends fullness signals from the gut to the brain, helping to control food intake.\nGLP-1R (Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor): Slows gastric emptying, regulates blood sugar, and aids in metabolism management.\nGCGR (Glucagon Receptor): Increases glucagon levels, triggering fat and glycogen breakdown to enhance energy metabolism and weight loss.\n\nBoth human and animal studies have demonstrated that Retatrutide induces significant weight reduction, with some trials reporting up to 24% body weight loss over time.\nRetatrutide and Energy Balance\nRetatrutide aids weight management by increasing energy expenditure while reducing caloric intake:\n\nBoosted metabolism through glucagon receptor activation promotes greater fat breakdown.\nAppetite suppression occurs via central and peripheral mechanisms, reducing overall energy consumption.\n\nClinical Trials and Weight Loss Results\n\nPhase 2 human trials demonstrated up to 20 lbs of weight loss in just 12 weeks.\nA separate study found that waist circumference reductions ranged from 2.1 cm to 10.2 cm over 26 weeks.\nResearch published in the New England Journal of Medicine showed dose-dependent weight loss, with some participants experiencing a 24% reduction in total body weight within 48 weeks.\n\nRetatrutide and Blood Sugar Control\n\nRetatrutide has been shown to lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, an important indicator of long-term blood sugar control.\nImproved HbA1c levels contribute to a reduced risk of diabetes-related complications, including nerve damage, cardiovascular disease, kidney issues, and vision problems.\n\nRetatrutide and Cardiovascular Health\n\nWhile no direct human studies have evaluated Retatrutide’s cardiovascular effects, research in monkeys suggests that it lowers blood pressure while increasing heart rate.\nPrior studies indicate that incretin receptor activation may support lower blood pressure, improved heart function, and better vascular flexibility.\n\nSTRUCTURE\n\nMolecular Formula: C₂₂₃H₃₄₃F₃N₄₆O₇₀\nMolecular Weight: 4731.33 g\/mol\nCAS Registry Number: 2381089-83-2\nPubChem Identifier: 474492335\nAmino Acid Sequence: YA₁QGTFTSDYSIL₂LDKK₄AQA₁AFIEYLLEGGPSSGAPPPS\n\nCITATIONS\n\nT. Coskun et al. LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: From discovery to clinical proof of concept., Cell Metab., Sep. 2022\nT. Coskun et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept., Mol. Metab., Oct. 2018\nS. Urva et al. The novel GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist Retatrutide delays gastric emptying., Diabetes Obes. Metab., Sep. 2023\nG. Winkler et al. A GLP-1 receptor agonist from glucose control to obesity treatment., Orv. Hetil., Oct. 2023\nT. M. Frayling et al. A Common Allele in FGF21 Associated with Sugar Intake Is Associated with Body Shape, Lower Total Body-Fat Percentage, and Higher Blood Pressure., Cell Rep., Apr. 2018\nT. Coskun et al. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Corrects Obesity in Mice., Endocrinology, Dec. 2008\nJ. P. Frias et al. Efficacy and safety of LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes., Lancet Lond. Engl., Nov. 2018\nA. M. Jastreboff et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity – A Phase 2 Trial., N. Engl. J. Med., Aug. 2023\nE. Harris Triple-Hormone Combination Retatrutide Induces 24% Body Weight Loss., JAMA, Jul. 2023\nA. Ray Retatrutide: a triple incretin receptor agonist for obesity management., Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, Nov. 2023\nI. Rix et al. Glucagon Physiology., Endotext, MDText.com, 2000\nA. Ceriello et al. Glucagon and heart in type 2 diabetes: new perspectives., Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 2016","brand":"Biogenesis Peptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50989560135913,"sku":"PS009-1-1-1-1-1","price":129.99,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/6559\/1529\/files\/GLP1R16MG.png?v=1778509460"},{"product_id":"glp1-t-15mg","title":"GLP1-T 15MG","description":"\u003cp\u003eOVERVIEW\u003cbr\u003e\nOriginally developed for type 2 diabetes management, Tirzepatide has demonstrated additional benefits, including cardiovascular protection and effective weight loss support. This synthetic peptide is derived from gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) while also acting as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, allowing it to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eRegulate blood sugar levels\u003cbr\u003e\nEnhance insulin sensitivity\u003cbr\u003e\nPromote satiety\u003cbr\u003e\nFacilitate weight loss\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eRESEARCH\u003cbr\u003e\nTirzepatide is a synthetic analogue of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), designed to stimulate insulin release and support the management of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Composed of 39 amino acids, this peptide functions by activating both GIP and GLP-1 receptors, leading to improved insulin regulation and metabolic balance.\u003cbr\u003e\nLong-term use of Tirzepatide has been shown to increase adiponectin levels by up to 26%, contributing to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eReduced hunger and cravings\u003cbr\u003e\nLower fasting insulin levels\u003cbr\u003e\nGreater insulin sensitivity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese metabolic effects result in:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSignificant weight loss (approximately 11 kg or 25 lbs)\u003cbr\u003e\nEnhanced glucose control\u003cbr\u003e\nDecreased fat storage\u003cbr\u003e\nLower cardiovascular risk factors\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSTRUCTURE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmino Acid Sequence: YE-Aib-GTFTSDYSI-Aib-LDKIAQ AFVQWLIAGGPSSGAPPPS\u003cbr\u003e\n(Aib is a non-standard amino acid: H H-C(CH3)COOH)\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Formula: C₂₂₅H₃₄₈N₄₈O₆₈\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Weight: 4813.527 g\/mol\u003cbr\u003e\nPubChem Identifier: 156588324\u003cbr\u003e\nCAS Registry Number: 2023788-19-2\u003cbr\u003e\nAlternative Names: P1206, LY3298176\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCITATIONS\u003cbr\u003e\nSource: PubChem\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Biogenesis Peptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50989560234217,"sku":"PS003-1","price":90.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/6559\/1529\/files\/glp1t15mg.png?v=1778509463"},{"product_id":"survodutide-10mg","title":"Survodutide 10mg","description":"\u003cp\u003e​Survodutide, also known as BI 456906, is an investigational peptide that functions as a dual agonist for the glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. This dual activation aims to enhance energy expenditure and reduce food intake, thereby addressing conditions such as obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). ​pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+8zealandpharma.com+8pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+8\u003cbr\u003e\nMechanism of Action\u003cbr\u003e\nBy simultaneously targeting the glucagon and GLP-1 receptors, survodutide is designed to:​\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIncrease Energy Expenditure: Activation of the glucagon receptor can elevate metabolic rate, promoting the utilization of stored energy.​\u003cbr\u003e\nReduce Food Intake: Stimulation of the GLP-1 receptor contributes to appetite suppression, leading to decreased caloric consumption.​\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis combined mechanism supports significant weight loss and improved metabolic health. ​pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+3medchemexpress.com+3dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com+3\u003cbr\u003e\nClinical Development\u003cbr\u003e\nSurvodutide is currently undergoing Phase 3 clinical trials to evaluate its efficacy and safety in individuals with overweight and obesity, including key sub-populations. These studies, known as SYNCHRONIZE-1 and SYNCHRONIZE-2, focus on participants with comorbidities, both with and without type 2 diabetes. Additionally, the SYNCHRONIZE-CVOT trial includes individuals with cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, or risk factors for cardiovascular disease. ​zealandpharma.com+1pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+1\u003cbr\u003e\nRegulatory Status\u003cbr\u003e\nThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted survodutide both Fast Track Designation and Breakthrough Therapy Designation for the treatment of MASH with fibrosis. Similarly, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has provided access to the Priority Medicine (PRIME) Scheme for the same indication. ​zealandpharma.com\u003cbr\u003e\nStructural Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e\nSurvodutide is a 29-amino-acid acylated peptide that includes a C18 fatty acid chain. This structural modification enhances its pharmacokinetic properties, allowing for once-weekly subcutaneous administration. ​medchemexpress.com+1guidetopharmacology.org+1zealandpharma.com+1pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+1\u003cbr\u003e\nResearch Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eObesity Treatment: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial, survodutide demonstrated significant weight loss in adults with obesity. ​pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+2pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+2zealandpharma.com+2\u003cbr\u003e\nMASH Therapy: Survodutide improved liver histology in individuals with MASH and fibrosis, indicating potential benefits in liver-related conditions. ​zealandpharma.com+1pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+1\u003cbr\u003e\nBlood Pressure Reduction: Post hoc analyses from clinical trials have shown that survodutide may contribute to lowering blood pressure in adults with obesity. ​pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eConclusion\u003cbr\u003e\nSurvodutide represents a promising therapeutic candidate targeting both obesity and metabolic liver diseases. Its dual receptor agonism offers a multifaceted approach to weight management and metabolic health, with ongoing Phase 3 trials expected to provide further insights into its clinical utility.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Biogenesis Peptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50989561643241,"sku":"PS014","price":100.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/6559\/1529\/files\/Survodutide-10mg-scaled.jpg?v=1778509500"},{"product_id":"mazdutide-10mg","title":"Mazdutide 10mg","description":"\u003cp\u003eMazdutide (also known as IBI362 or LY3305677) is a synthetic peptide derivative of oxyntomodulin, functioning as a dual agonist for both the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR). This dual activation is designed to synergistically enhance metabolic processes, offering potential therapeutic benefits in:​diabetesjournals.org+7pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+7en.wikipedia.org+7\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeight Management: Mazdutide has demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing body weight among individuals with overweight or obesity. In a Phase 1b clinical trial involving Chinese adults with overweight or obesity, participants receiving mazdutide at doses up to 6 mg experienced a mean body weight loss of up to 6.4% over a 12-week period.  Subsequent studies with higher doses have shown even greater weight loss outcomes. ​en.wikipedia.org+8prnewswire.com+8pharmaceutical-technology.com+8pharmaceutical-technology.com+6pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+6nature.com+6\u003cbr\u003e\nGlycemic Control: By activating GLP-1R, mazdutide enhances insulin secretion and improves blood glucose regulation. Clinical studies have reported significant reductions in HbA1c levels, indicating improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. ​pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+4biospace.com+4prnewswire.com+4\u003cbr\u003e\nCardiometabolic Health: Beyond weight loss and glucose lowering, mazdutide has been associated with improvements in various cardiometabolic parameters, including reductions in waist circumference, blood lipids, blood pressure, and liver fat content. ​biospace.com+2prnewswire.com+2biospace.com+2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearch Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePhase 3 Clinical Trials: The GLORY-1 study, a Phase 3 clinical trial involving Chinese adults with overweight or obesity, demonstrated that mazdutide not only induced robust weight loss but also reduced liver fat content and improved multiple cardiometabolic risk factors. The study met its primary and all key secondary endpoints, supporting the potential of mazdutide as an effective treatment for obesity and related metabolic disorders. ​diabetesjournals.org+7prnewswire.com+7biospace.com+7prnewswire.com+3biospace.com+3biospace.com+3\u003cbr\u003e\nRegulatory Progress: Following the positive outcomes of the GLORY-1 study, Innovent Biologics submitted a New Drug Application (NDA) for mazdutide for chronic weight management, which has been accepted by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China. This marks a significant step toward making mazdutide available for clinical use in managing obesity. ​biospace.com+3biospace.com+3prnewswire.com+3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eStructure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIUPAC Name: 20-[[(1S)-4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[(5S)-5-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-6-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]amino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-1-carboxy-4-oxobutyl]amino]-20-oxoicosanoic acid​en.wikipedia.org\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Formula: C₂₀₇H₃₁₇N₄₅O₆₅​\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Weight: Approximately 4,500 Da​\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMazdutide represents a promising therapeutic option for managing obesity and type 2 diabetes, offering comprehensive benefits across multiple metabolic parameters. Ongoing and future studies will further elucidate its long-term efficacy and safety profile.​nature.com+3pharmaceutical-technology.com+3biospace.com+3\u003cbr\u003e\nSources\u003cbr\u003e\n4o\u003cbr\u003e\nYou said:\u003cbr\u003e\ninclude citations\u003cbr\u003e\nChatGPT said:\u003cbr\u003e\n​Mazdutide is a synthetic peptide that functions as a dual agonist for both the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR). This dual activation is designed to enhance energy expenditure and improve glucose metabolism, offering potential therapeutic benefits for conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.​medchemexpress.com+5biospace.com+5caltagmedsystems.co.uk+5\u003cbr\u003e\nResearch and Clinical Trials\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeight Loss and Glycemic Control: In a Phase 3 clinical trial involving Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes, mazdutide demonstrated significant reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and body weight over a 24-week period. Specifically, participants receiving mazdutide experienced HbA1c reductions of 1.57% and 2.15% for the 4 mg and 6 mg doses, respectively, compared to a 0.14% reduction in the placebo group.Additionally, mazdutide treatment resulted in greater weight loss compared to placebo. ​biospace.com+1clinicaltrialsarena.com+1clinicaltrialsarena.com\u003cbr\u003e\nCardiometabolic Benefits: Beyond glycemic control and weight loss, mazdutide has been associated with improvements in various cardiometabolic indicators, including reductions in waist circumference, blood lipids, blood pressure, blood uric acid, liver enzymes, liver fat content, and enhanced insulin sensitivity. ​clinicaltrialsarena.com+3prnewswire.com+3biospace.com+3\u003cbr\u003e\nSafety Profile: Clinical studies have reported that mazdutide is generally well-tolerated, with the most common adverse events being gastrointestinal in nature, typically mild to moderate in severity. ​clinicaltrialsarena.com\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eStructure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMolecular Formula: C₂₁₀H₃₂₂N₄₆O₆₇​chemsrc.com\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Weight: Approximately 4,563.1 g\/mol​\u003cbr\u003e\nSequence: His-{Aib}-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Glu-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-{AEEA-AEEA-γGlu-Nonadecanoic acid}-Glu-Phe-Val-Glu-Trp-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-NH₂​clinisciences.com+1medchemexpress.com+1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe peptide includes a non-coded amino acid residue, alpha-amino isobutyric acid (Aib), at position 2, and is conjugated to a C20 fatty diacid moiety through a hydrophilic linker at the lysine residue at position 20. This modification enhances its binding to albumin in plasma, thereby prolonging its half-life. ​caltagmedsystems.co.uk\u003cbr\u003e\nConclusion\u003cbr\u003e\nMazdutide represents a promising therapeutic candidate for the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes, owing to its dual agonist activity on GLP-1R and GCGR. Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in promoting weight loss, improving glycemic control, and offering additional cardiometabolic benefits, with a favorable safety profile. Ongoing research and further clinical evaluations will help to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential and long-term safety.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Biogenesis Peptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50989561741545,"sku":"PS013","price":90.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/6559\/1529\/files\/Mazdutide-10mg-scaled.jpg?v=1778509501"},{"product_id":"mazdutide-5mg","title":"Mazdutide 5mg","description":"\u003cp\u003eMazdutide (also known as IBI362 or LY3305677) is a synthetic peptide derivative of oxyntomodulin, functioning as a dual agonist for both the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR). This dual activation is designed to synergistically enhance metabolic processes, offering potential therapeutic benefits in:​diabetesjournals.org+7pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+7en.wikipedia.org+7\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeight Management: Mazdutide has demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing body weight among individuals with overweight or obesity. In a Phase 1b clinical trial involving Chinese adults with overweight or obesity, participants receiving mazdutide at doses up to 6 mg experienced a mean body weight loss of up to 6.4% over a 12-week period.  Subsequent studies with higher doses have shown even greater weight loss outcomes. ​en.wikipedia.org+8prnewswire.com+8pharmaceutical-technology.com+8pharmaceutical-technology.com+6pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+6nature.com+6\u003cbr\u003e\nGlycemic Control: By activating GLP-1R, mazdutide enhances insulin secretion and improves blood glucose regulation. Clinical studies have reported significant reductions in HbA1c levels, indicating improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. ​pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+4biospace.com+4prnewswire.com+4\u003cbr\u003e\nCardiometabolic Health: Beyond weight loss and glucose lowering, mazdutide has been associated with improvements in various cardiometabolic parameters, including reductions in waist circumference, blood lipids, blood pressure, and liver fat content. ​biospace.com+2prnewswire.com+2biospace.com+2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearch Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePhase 3 Clinical Trials: The GLORY-1 study, a Phase 3 clinical trial involving Chinese adults with overweight or obesity, demonstrated that mazdutide not only induced robust weight loss but also reduced liver fat content and improved multiple cardiometabolic risk factors. The study met its primary and all key secondary endpoints, supporting the potential of mazdutide as an effective treatment for obesity and related metabolic disorders. ​diabetesjournals.org+7prnewswire.com+7biospace.com+7prnewswire.com+3biospace.com+3biospace.com+3\u003cbr\u003e\nRegulatory Progress: Following the positive outcomes of the GLORY-1 study, Innovent Biologics submitted a New Drug Application (NDA) for mazdutide for chronic weight management, which has been accepted by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China. This marks a significant step toward making mazdutide available for clinical use in managing obesity. ​biospace.com+3biospace.com+3prnewswire.com+3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eStructure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIUPAC Name: 20-[[(1S)-4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[(5S)-5-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-6-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]amino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-1-carboxy-4-oxobutyl]amino]-20-oxoicosanoic acid​en.wikipedia.org\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Formula: C₂₀₇H₃₁₇N₄₅O₆₅​\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Weight: Approximately 4,500 Da​\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMazdutide represents a promising therapeutic option for managing obesity and type 2 diabetes, offering comprehensive benefits across multiple metabolic parameters. Ongoing and future studies will further elucidate its long-term efficacy and safety profile.​nature.com+3pharmaceutical-technology.com+3biospace.com+3\u003cbr\u003e\nSources\u003cbr\u003e\n4o\u003cbr\u003e\nYou said:\u003cbr\u003e\ninclude citations\u003cbr\u003e\nChatGPT said:\u003cbr\u003e\n​Mazdutide is a synthetic peptide that functions as a dual agonist for both the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR). This dual activation is designed to enhance energy expenditure and improve glucose metabolism, offering potential therapeutic benefits for conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.​medchemexpress.com+5biospace.com+5caltagmedsystems.co.uk+5\u003cbr\u003e\nResearch and Clinical Trials\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeight Loss and Glycemic Control: In a Phase 3 clinical trial involving Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes, mazdutide demonstrated significant reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and body weight over a 24-week period. Specifically, participants receiving mazdutide experienced HbA1c reductions of 1.57% and 2.15% for the 4 mg and 6 mg doses, respectively, compared to a 0.14% reduction in the placebo group.Additionally, mazdutide treatment resulted in greater weight loss compared to placebo. ​biospace.com+1clinicaltrialsarena.com+1clinicaltrialsarena.com\u003cbr\u003e\nCardiometabolic Benefits: Beyond glycemic control and weight loss, mazdutide has been associated with improvements in various cardiometabolic indicators, including reductions in waist circumference, blood lipids, blood pressure, blood uric acid, liver enzymes, liver fat content, and enhanced insulin sensitivity. ​clinicaltrialsarena.com+3prnewswire.com+3biospace.com+3\u003cbr\u003e\nSafety Profile: Clinical studies have reported that mazdutide is generally well-tolerated, with the most common adverse events being gastrointestinal in nature, typically mild to moderate in severity. ​clinicaltrialsarena.com\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eStructure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMolecular Formula: C₂₁₀H₃₂₂N₄₆O₆₇​chemsrc.com\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Weight: Approximately 4,563.1 g\/mol​\u003cbr\u003e\nSequence: His-{Aib}-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Glu-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-{AEEA-AEEA-γGlu-Nonadecanoic acid}-Glu-Phe-Val-Glu-Trp-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-NH₂​clinisciences.com+1medchemexpress.com+1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe peptide includes a non-coded amino acid residue, alpha-amino isobutyric acid (Aib), at position 2, and is conjugated to a C20 fatty diacid moiety through a hydrophilic linker at the lysine residue at position 20. This modification enhances its binding to albumin in plasma, thereby prolonging its half-life. ​caltagmedsystems.co.uk\u003cbr\u003e\nConclusion\u003cbr\u003e\nMazdutide represents a promising therapeutic candidate for the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes, owing to its dual agonist activity on GLP-1R and GCGR. Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in promoting weight loss, improving glycemic control, and offering additional cardiometabolic benefits, with a favorable safety profile. Ongoing research and further clinical evaluations will help to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential and long-term safety.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Biogenesis Peptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50989561774313,"sku":"PS012","price":60.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/6559\/1529\/files\/Mazdutide-5mg-scaled.jpg?v=1778509502"},{"product_id":"cagrilintide-10mg","title":"Cagrilintide 10mg","description":"\u003cp\u003eOVERVIEW\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide is a long-acting analogue of amylin, a peptide hormone that is naturally secreted alongside insulin. It has shown promise in obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment, with ongoing research exploring its potential applications in liver disease, alcohol-related liver conditions, and cardiovascular health.\u003cbr\u003e\nWhile there is speculation about its role in Alzheimer’s disease, no published studies have yet confirmed its effects in this area. Many trials have examined the combination of Cagrilintide and Semaglutide, suggesting that their combined use leads to enhanced and more sustainable weight loss results compared to either peptide alone.\u003cbr\u003e\nAlthough early research highlights its potential therapeutic benefits, human clinical trials remain limited, necessitating further investigation to confirm its safety and efficacy.\u003cbr\u003e\nRESEARCH\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide and Amylin\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide is a synthetic version of amylin, a hormone co-released with insulin from the pancreas. Amylin plays a crucial role in:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eRegulating blood sugar levels\u003cbr\u003e\nSlowing gastric emptying\u003cbr\u003e\nSignaling satiety (fullness) to the brain\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike natural amylin, Cagrilintide is engineered to resist enzymatic breakdown, resulting in a longer half-life and extended duration of action.\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide for Weight Management\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide has been evaluated in clinical trials for its potential to support weight loss. In a notable study, individuals receiving Cagrilintide experienced a 6-11% reduction in body weight within just six weeks.\u003cbr\u003e\nWhen Cagrilintide is combined with Semaglutide, research suggests their weight loss benefits are synergistic rather than merely additive, leading to reductions in body weight of up to 17.1% within 20 weeks.\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide and Diabetes Management\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide supports diabetes treatment through several mechanisms:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eEnhancing insulin sensitivity\u003cbr\u003e\nReducing hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels\u003cbr\u003e\nSuppressing glucagon secretion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne clinical study demonstrated a 2.2% decrease in HbA1c levels over a short treatment period, with the extended half-life of Cagrilintide allowing for more stable glucose regulation over time.\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide and Alzheimer’s Disease\u003cbr\u003e\nResearch has linked amylin to amyloid-beta plaque accumulation, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. High levels of natural amylin can form toxic fibrils that may contribute to cognitive decline.\u003cbr\u003e\nSome studies suggest that synthetic amylin analogues could aid in clearing amyloid plaques from the brain, but no direct research on Cagrilintide’s role in Alzheimer’s disease has been conducted yet.\u003cbr\u003e\nSTRUCTURE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMolecular Formula: C₁₉₄H₃₁₂N₅₄O₅₉S₂\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Weight: 4409.01 g\/mol\u003cbr\u003e\nCAS Registry Number: 1415456-99-3\u003cbr\u003e\nAmino Acid Sequence: XKCNTATCATQRLAEFLRHSSNNFGPILPPTNVGSNTP\u003cbr\u003e\nPubChem Identifier: 171397054\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCITATIONS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePittner, R. A. et al. Molecular physiology of amylin. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry (1994).\u003cbr\u003e\nShen, Y. et al. Structures of human insulin-degrading enzyme reveal a new substrate recognition mechanism.Nature (2006).\u003cbr\u003e\nLutz, T. A. Creating the amylin story. Appetite (2022).\u003cbr\u003e\nKruse, T. et al. Development of Cagrilintide, a Long-Acting Amylin Analogue. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2021).\u003cbr\u003e\nHay, D. L., \u0026amp; Pioszak, A. A. Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins (RAMPs): New Insights and Roles. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2016).\u003cbr\u003e\nDehestani, B. et al. Amylin as a Future Obesity Treatment. Journal of Obesity \u0026amp; Metabolic Syndrome (2021).\u003cbr\u003e\nLau, D. C. W. et al. Once-weekly Cagrilintide for weight management: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (2021).\u003cbr\u003e\nEnebo, L. B. et al. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of Cagrilintide with Semaglutide. Lancet (2021).\u003cbr\u003e\nFrias, J. P. et al. Efficacy of co-administered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in type 2 diabetes. The Lancet (2023).\u003cbr\u003e\nBailey, C. J. et al. Peptide-based therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Peptides (2024).\u003cbr\u003e\nWarren, R. E. et al. Hypoglycemia and cognitive function. Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism (2005).\u003cbr\u003e\nZhang, S. et al. Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain. Frontiers in Endocrinology (2023).\u003cbr\u003e\nYang, Y. et al. Expert Consensus on Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes. Current Medical Science (2022).\u003cbr\u003e\nZhu, H. et al. Association of Plasma Amylin Concentration With Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Network Open (2019).\u003cbr\u003e\nQiu, W. et al. Association between amylin and amyloid-β peptides in plasma. PLoS One (2014).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Biogenesis Peptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50989561807081,"sku":"PS011","price":120.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/6559\/1529\/files\/CAGRILINTIDE-10MG-scaled.jpg?v=1778509503"},{"product_id":"cagrilintide-5mg","title":"Cagrilintide 5mg","description":"\u003cp\u003eOVERVIEW\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide is a long-acting analogue of amylin, a peptide hormone that is naturally secreted alongside insulin. It has shown promise in obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment, with ongoing research exploring its potential applications in liver disease, alcohol-related liver conditions, and cardiovascular health.\u003cbr\u003e\nWhile there is speculation about its role in Alzheimer’s disease, no published studies have yet confirmed its effects in this area. Many trials have examined the combination of Cagrilintide and Semaglutide, suggesting that their combined use leads to enhanced and more sustainable weight loss results compared to either peptide alone.\u003cbr\u003e\nAlthough early research highlights its potential therapeutic benefits, human clinical trials remain limited, necessitating further investigation to confirm its safety and efficacy.\u003cbr\u003e\nRESEARCH\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide and Amylin\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide is a synthetic version of amylin, a hormone co-released with insulin from the pancreas. Amylin plays a crucial role in:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eRegulating blood sugar levels\u003cbr\u003e\nSlowing gastric emptying\u003cbr\u003e\nSignaling satiety (fullness) to the brain\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike natural amylin, Cagrilintide is engineered to resist enzymatic breakdown, resulting in a longer half-life and extended duration of action.\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide for Weight Management\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide has been evaluated in clinical trials for its potential to support weight loss. In a notable study, individuals receiving Cagrilintide experienced a 6-11% reduction in body weight within just six weeks.\u003cbr\u003e\nWhen Cagrilintide is combined with Semaglutide, research suggests their weight loss benefits are synergistic rather than merely additive, leading to reductions in body weight of up to 17.1% within 20 weeks.\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide and Diabetes Management\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide supports diabetes treatment through several mechanisms:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eEnhancing insulin sensitivity\u003cbr\u003e\nReducing hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels\u003cbr\u003e\nSuppressing glucagon secretion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne clinical study demonstrated a 2.2% decrease in HbA1c levels over a short treatment period, with the extended half-life of Cagrilintide allowing for more stable glucose regulation over time.\u003cbr\u003e\nCagrilintide and Alzheimer’s Disease\u003cbr\u003e\nResearch has linked amylin to amyloid-beta plaque accumulation, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. High levels of natural amylin can form toxic fibrils that may contribute to cognitive decline.\u003cbr\u003e\nSome studies suggest that synthetic amylin analogues could aid in clearing amyloid plaques from the brain, but no direct research on Cagrilintide’s role in Alzheimer’s disease has been conducted yet.\u003cbr\u003e\nSTRUCTURE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMolecular Formula: C₁₉₄H₃₁₂N₅₄O₅₉S₂\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Weight: 4409.01 g\/mol\u003cbr\u003e\nCAS Registry Number: 1415456-99-3\u003cbr\u003e\nAmino Acid Sequence: XKCNTATCATQRLAEFLRHSSNNFGPILPPTNVGSNTP\u003cbr\u003e\nPubChem Identifier: 171397054\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCITATIONS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePittner, R. A. et al. Molecular physiology of amylin. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry (1994).\u003cbr\u003e\nShen, Y. et al. Structures of human insulin-degrading enzyme reveal a new substrate recognition mechanism.Nature (2006).\u003cbr\u003e\nLutz, T. A. Creating the amylin story. Appetite (2022).\u003cbr\u003e\nKruse, T. et al. Development of Cagrilintide, a Long-Acting Amylin Analogue. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2021).\u003cbr\u003e\nHay, D. L., \u0026amp; Pioszak, A. A. Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins (RAMPs): New Insights and Roles. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2016).\u003cbr\u003e\nDehestani, B. et al. Amylin as a Future Obesity Treatment. Journal of Obesity \u0026amp; Metabolic Syndrome (2021).\u003cbr\u003e\nLau, D. C. W. et al. Once-weekly Cagrilintide for weight management: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (2021).\u003cbr\u003e\nEnebo, L. B. et al. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of Cagrilintide with Semaglutide. Lancet (2021).\u003cbr\u003e\nFrias, J. P. et al. Efficacy of co-administered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in type 2 diabetes. The Lancet (2023).\u003cbr\u003e\nBailey, C. J. et al. Peptide-based therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Peptides (2024).\u003cbr\u003e\nWarren, R. E. et al. Hypoglycemia and cognitive function. Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism (2005).\u003cbr\u003e\nZhang, S. et al. Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain. Frontiers in Endocrinology (2023).\u003cbr\u003e\nYang, Y. et al. Expert Consensus on Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes. Current Medical Science (2022).\u003cbr\u003e\nZhu, H. et al. Association of Plasma Amylin Concentration With Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Network Open (2019).\u003cbr\u003e\nQiu, W. et al. Association between amylin and amyloid-β peptides in plasma. PLoS One (2014).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Biogenesis Peptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50989561839849,"sku":"PS010","price":70.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/6559\/1529\/files\/CAGRILINTIDE-5MG-scaled.jpg?v=1778509504"},{"product_id":"glp1-r-10mg","title":"GLP1-R 10MG","description":"OVERVIEW\nRetatrutide is a triple receptor agonist (GGG tri-agonist) that interacts with GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors. While it shares similarities with traditional GLP-1 agonists, its additional activation of the glucagon receptor sets it apart. This unique feature boosts glucagon production, enhancing the breakdown of stored fats and glycogen, leading to an increase in basal metabolism and promoting fat loss.\nBy engaging GLP-1 and GIP receptors, Retatrutide also slows gastric emptying and helps regulate appetite, making it a promising candidate for obesity management and metabolic research. Ongoing studies continue to explore its full therapeutic potential.\nRESEARCH\nWhat is Retatrutide?\nRetatrutide is a modified peptide that incorporates GCGR, GIPR, and GLP-1R agonist activities. Built upon the GIP peptide structure, it has undergone modifications to bind to albumin in the bloodstream, significantly extending its half-life. As a result, Retatrutide requires only once-weekly administration.\nMechanism of Action\nRetatrutide activates three key metabolic receptors:\n\nGIPR (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Receptor): Sends fullness signals from the gut to the brain, helping to control food intake.\nGLP-1R (Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor): Slows gastric emptying, regulates blood sugar, and aids in metabolism management.\nGCGR (Glucagon Receptor): Increases glucagon levels, triggering fat and glycogen breakdown to enhance energy metabolism and weight loss.\n\nBoth human and animal studies have demonstrated that Retatrutide induces significant weight reduction, with some trials reporting up to 24% body weight loss over time.\nRetatrutide and Energy Balance\nRetatrutide aids weight management by increasing energy expenditure while reducing caloric intake:\n\nBoosted metabolism through glucagon receptor activation promotes greater fat breakdown.\nAppetite suppression occurs via central and peripheral mechanisms, reducing overall energy consumption.\n\nClinical Trials and Weight Loss Results\n\nPhase 2 human trials demonstrated up to 20 lbs of weight loss in just 12 weeks.\nA separate study found that waist circumference reductions ranged from 2.1 cm to 10.2 cm over 26 weeks.\nResearch published in the New England Journal of Medicine showed dose-dependent weight loss, with some participants experiencing a 24% reduction in total body weight within 48 weeks.\n\nRetatrutide and Blood Sugar Control\n\nRetatrutide has been shown to lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, an important indicator of long-term blood sugar control.\nImproved HbA1c levels contribute to a reduced risk of diabetes-related complications, including nerve damage, cardiovascular disease, kidney issues, and vision problems.\n\nRetatrutide and Cardiovascular Health\n\nWhile no direct human studies have evaluated Retatrutide’s cardiovascular effects, research in monkeys suggests that it lowers blood pressure while increasing heart rate.\nPrior studies indicate that incretin receptor activation may support lower blood pressure, improved heart function, and better vascular flexibility.\n\nSTRUCTURE\n\nMolecular Formula: C₂₂₃H₃₄₃F₃N₄₆O₇₀\nMolecular Weight: 4731.33 g\/mol\nCAS Registry Number: 2381089-83-2\nPubChem Identifier: 474492335\nAmino Acid Sequence: YA₁QGTFTSDYSIL₂LDKK₄AQA₁AFIEYLLEGGPSSGAPPPS\n\nCITATIONS\n\nT. Coskun et al. LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: From discovery to clinical proof of concept., Cell Metab., Sep. 2022\nT. Coskun et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept., Mol. Metab., Oct. 2018\nS. Urva et al. The novel GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist Retatrutide delays gastric emptying., Diabetes Obes. Metab., Sep. 2023\nG. Winkler et al. A GLP-1 receptor agonist from glucose control to obesity treatment., Orv. Hetil., Oct. 2023\nT. M. Frayling et al. A Common Allele in FGF21 Associated with Sugar Intake Is Associated with Body Shape, Lower Total Body-Fat Percentage, and Higher Blood Pressure., Cell Rep., Apr. 2018\nT. Coskun et al. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Corrects Obesity in Mice., Endocrinology, Dec. 2008\nJ. P. Frias et al. Efficacy and safety of LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes., Lancet Lond. Engl., Nov. 2018\nA. M. Jastreboff et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity – A Phase 2 Trial., N. Engl. J. Med., Aug. 2023\nE. Harris Triple-Hormone Combination Retatrutide Induces 24% Body Weight Loss., JAMA, Jul. 2023\nA. Ray Retatrutide: a triple incretin receptor agonist for obesity management., Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, Nov. 2023\nI. Rix et al. Glucagon Physiology., Endotext, MDText.com, 2000\nA. Ceriello et al. Glucagon and heart in type 2 diabetes: new perspectives., Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 2016","brand":"Biogenesis Peptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50989561872617,"sku":"PS009","price":95.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/6559\/1529\/files\/glp1-r-10-mg.png?v=1778509508"},{"product_id":"glp1-t-40mg","title":"GLP1-T 40MG","description":"\u003cp\u003eOVERVIEW\u003cbr\u003e\nOriginally developed for type 2 diabetes management, Tirzepatide has demonstrated additional benefits, including cardiovascular protection and effective weight loss support. This synthetic peptide is derived from gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) while also acting as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, allowing it to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eRegulate blood sugar levels\u003cbr\u003e\nEnhance insulin sensitivity\u003cbr\u003e\nPromote satiety\u003cbr\u003e\nFacilitate weight loss\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eRESEARCH\u003cbr\u003e\nTirzepatide is a synthetic analogue of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), designed to stimulate insulin release and support the management of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Composed of 39 amino acids, this peptide functions by activating both GIP and GLP-1 receptors, leading to improved insulin regulation and metabolic balance.\u003cbr\u003e\nLong-term use of Tirzepatide has been shown to increase adiponectin levels by up to 26%, contributing to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eReduced hunger and cravings\u003cbr\u003e\nLower fasting insulin levels\u003cbr\u003e\nGreater insulin sensitivity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese metabolic effects result in:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSignificant weight loss (approximately 11 kg or 25 lbs)\u003cbr\u003e\nEnhanced glucose control\u003cbr\u003e\nDecreased fat storage\u003cbr\u003e\nLower cardiovascular risk factors\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSTRUCTURE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmino Acid Sequence: YE-Aib-GTFTSDYSI-Aib-LDKIAQ AFVQWLIAGGPSSGAPPPS\u003cbr\u003e\n(Aib is a non-standard amino acid: H H-C(CH3)COOH)\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Formula: C₂₂₅H₃₄₈N₄₈O₆₈\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Weight: 4813.527 g\/mol\u003cbr\u003e\nPubChem Identifier: 156588324\u003cbr\u003e\nCAS Registry Number: 2023788-19-2\u003cbr\u003e\nAlternative Names: P1206, LY3298176\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCITATIONS\u003cbr\u003e\nSource: PubChem\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Biogenesis Peptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50989561905385,"sku":"PS006","price":179.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/6559\/1529\/files\/GLP1T40MG.png?v=1778509509"},{"product_id":"glp1-s-10mg","title":"GLP1-S 10MG","description":"\u003cp\u003eOVERVIEW\u003cbr\u003e\nGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a naturally occurring hormone made up of 30-31 amino acids. Its primary role in the body is to regulate blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin secretion. Additionally, it helps preserve insulin stores by promoting insulin gene expression and has been linked to neuroprotective effects within the brain and central nervous system.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn the digestive system, GLP-1 slows gastric emptying and decreases intestinal movement, contributing to reduced appetite. Early research suggests its influence extends to various organs, including the heart, liver, muscles, bones, lungs, and kidneys.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe main focus of GLP-1 studies has been on diabetes management and appetite control, with secondary research investigating its cardiovascular benefits. More recently, growing interest has emerged regarding its potential role in preventing neurodegenerative conditions. Studies indicate that GLP-1 may slow or inhibit the buildup of amyloid beta plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, making it a promising area of research in cognitive health.\u003cbr\u003e\nRESEARCH\u003cbr\u003e\nGLP-1 and the Incretin Effect\u003cbr\u003e\nOne of GLP-1’s most significant effects is known as the “incretin effect,” a mechanism described by Dr. Holst. Incretins are metabolic hormones produced in the digestive tract that lower blood sugar levels. GLP-1, along with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), is one of the two key incretins involved in this process. Although GIP circulates at higher levels than GLP-1, studies suggest that GLP-1 is more effective, particularly when blood sugar levels are elevated.\u003cbr\u003e\nGLP-1 receptors are present on pancreatic beta cells, directly influencing insulin release. When used alongside sulfonylurea medications, GLP-1 can enhance insulin secretion, sometimes leading to mild hypoglycemia in a significant percentage of subjects. Insulin release not only aids blood sugar regulation but also supports protein synthesis, reduces protein breakdown, and increases amino acid absorption in skeletal muscles.\u003cbr\u003e\nBeta Cell Support and Protection\u003cbr\u003e\nAnimal studies indicate that GLP-1 promotes the growth and regeneration of pancreatic beta cells, potentially aiding in diabetes management. It has also been observed to protect beta cells from programmed cell death (apoptosis) and may encourage the development of new beta cells from progenitor cells in the pancreas.\u003cbr\u003e\nOne notable study demonstrated that GLP-1 helps safeguard beta cells from inflammation-induced damage. In mouse models of type 1 diabetes, GLP-1 has been shown to protect islet cells from destruction, suggesting it may be useful in delaying or preventing the onset of the disease.\u003cbr\u003e\nGLP-1 and Appetite Regulation\u003cbr\u003e\nResearch in animal models suggests that GLP-1, when administered in the brain, can suppress hunger and reduce overall food intake. It appears to enhance feelings of fullness, contributing to natural appetite control.\u003cbr\u003e\nClinical studies in mice have demonstrated that consistent use of GLP-1 receptor agonists leads to progressive weight loss. Over time, this weight reduction has been associated with improvements in cardiovascular health and lower hemoglobin A1C levels, an indicator of long-term blood sugar control.\u003cbr\u003e\nCardiovascular Benefits of GLP-1\u003cbr\u003e\nGLP-1 receptors are found in the heart, where they help regulate cardiac function. Research suggests that GLP-1 can increase heart rate and reduce left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, which is significant since elevated pressure in this area is linked to heart failure and adverse cardiac remodeling.\u003cbr\u003e\nEmerging studies indicate that GLP-1 may help reduce heart attack-related damage by enhancing glucose uptake in heart muscle cells. This process appears to be independent of insulin and can provide vital energy to struggling heart tissues, potentially reducing cell death.\u003cbr\u003e\nLarge-scale GLP-1 infusions in canine studies have improved heart function and decreased vascular resistance, which can help lower blood pressure and reduce long-term cardiovascular strain. Dr. Holst has noted that GLP-1 consistently enhances heart performance in both experimental models and human patients following cardiac events.\u003cbr\u003e\nGLP-1 and Brain Health\u003cbr\u003e\nThere is growing evidence that GLP-1 may support cognitive function and protect against neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. Studies in mice have shown that GLP-1 can enhance learning and memory, even in subjects with genetic predispositions to cognitive impairment. Furthermore, animals engineered to overexpress GLP-1 receptors in specific brain regions have demonstrated superior cognitive performance compared to controls.\u003cbr\u003e\nAdditional research suggests that GLP-1 may help shield neurons from damage caused by excessive excitatory signaling. In experimental models, it has protected brain cells from glutamate-induced apoptosis and promoted nerve growth. These findings have led researchers to explore GLP-1’s potential role in slowing or even reversing neurodegenerative conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\nNotably, studies in mice have shown that GLP-1 and its analogue, exendin-4, can reduce levels of amyloid beta, a protein associated with Alzheimer’s disease. While scientists continue to investigate whether preventing amyloid beta accumulation can alter disease progression, these findings offer promising insights into possible interventions for cognitive decline.\u003cbr\u003e\nSTRUCTURE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eChemical Formula: C₁₈₇H₂₉₁N₄₅O₅₉\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Mass: 4113.58 g\/mol\u003cbr\u003e\nAmino Acid Sequence: HXEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAK-OH.steric diacid-EFIAWLVRGRG\u003cbr\u003e\nCAS Registry Number: 910463-68-2\u003cbr\u003e\nPubChem Identifier: 56843331\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCITATIONS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePhysiology of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 | Physiological Reviews\u003cbr\u003e\nCombination Therapy: Lisofylline and Exendin-4 in Autoimmune Diabetes – PubMed\u003cbr\u003e\nCardiac Protection and GLP-1: Impact on Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury | Diabetes Journal\u003cbr\u003e\nGLP-1 as a Potential Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy – PubMed\u003cbr\u003e\nHolst JJ. From the Incretin Concept to GLP-1-Based Diabetes Treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Biogenesis Peptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50989561938153,"sku":"PS002","price":80.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/6559\/1529\/files\/GLP1-S10-scaled.jpg?v=1778509507"},{"product_id":"glp1-s-5mg","title":"GLP1-S 5MG","description":"\u003cp\u003eOVERVIEW\u003cbr\u003e\nGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a naturally occurring hormone made up of 30-31 amino acids. Its primary role in the body is to regulate blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin secretion. Additionally, it helps preserve insulin stores by promoting insulin gene expression and has been linked to neuroprotective effects within the brain and central nervous system.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn the digestive system, GLP-1 slows gastric emptying and decreases intestinal movement, contributing to reduced appetite. Early research suggests its influence extends to various organs, including the heart, liver, muscles, bones, lungs, and kidneys.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe main focus of GLP-1 studies has been on diabetes management and appetite control, with secondary research investigating its cardiovascular benefits. More recently, growing interest has emerged regarding its potential role in preventing neurodegenerative conditions. Studies indicate that GLP-1 may slow or inhibit the buildup of amyloid beta plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, making it a promising area of research in cognitive health.\u003cbr\u003e\nRESEARCH\u003cbr\u003e\nGLP-1 and the Incretin Effect\u003cbr\u003e\nOne of GLP-1’s most significant effects is known as the “incretin effect,” a mechanism described by Dr. Holst. Incretins are metabolic hormones produced in the digestive tract that lower blood sugar levels. GLP-1, along with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), is one of the two key incretins involved in this process. Although GIP circulates at higher levels than GLP-1, studies suggest that GLP-1 is more effective, particularly when blood sugar levels are elevated.\u003cbr\u003e\nGLP-1 receptors are present on pancreatic beta cells, directly influencing insulin release. When used alongside sulfonylurea medications, GLP-1 can enhance insulin secretion, sometimes leading to mild hypoglycemia in a significant percentage of subjects. Insulin release not only aids blood sugar regulation but also supports protein synthesis, reduces protein breakdown, and increases amino acid absorption in skeletal muscles.\u003cbr\u003e\nBeta Cell Support and Protection\u003cbr\u003e\nAnimal studies indicate that GLP-1 promotes the growth and regeneration of pancreatic beta cells, potentially aiding in diabetes management. It has also been observed to protect beta cells from programmed cell death (apoptosis) and may encourage the development of new beta cells from progenitor cells in the pancreas.\u003cbr\u003e\nOne notable study demonstrated that GLP-1 helps safeguard beta cells from inflammation-induced damage. In mouse models of type 1 diabetes, GLP-1 has been shown to protect islet cells from destruction, suggesting it may be useful in delaying or preventing the onset of the disease.\u003cbr\u003e\nGLP-1 and Appetite Regulation\u003cbr\u003e\nResearch in animal models suggests that GLP-1, when administered in the brain, can suppress hunger and reduce overall food intake. It appears to enhance feelings of fullness, contributing to natural appetite control.\u003cbr\u003e\nClinical studies in mice have demonstrated that consistent use of GLP-1 receptor agonists leads to progressive weight loss. Over time, this weight reduction has been associated with improvements in cardiovascular health and lower hemoglobin A1C levels, an indicator of long-term blood sugar control.\u003cbr\u003e\nCardiovascular Benefits of GLP-1\u003cbr\u003e\nGLP-1 receptors are found in the heart, where they help regulate cardiac function. Research suggests that GLP-1 can increase heart rate and reduce left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, which is significant since elevated pressure in this area is linked to heart failure and adverse cardiac remodeling.\u003cbr\u003e\nEmerging studies indicate that GLP-1 may help reduce heart attack-related damage by enhancing glucose uptake in heart muscle cells. This process appears to be independent of insulin and can provide vital energy to struggling heart tissues, potentially reducing cell death.\u003cbr\u003e\nLarge-scale GLP-1 infusions in canine studies have improved heart function and decreased vascular resistance, which can help lower blood pressure and reduce long-term cardiovascular strain. Dr. Holst has noted that GLP-1 consistently enhances heart performance in both experimental models and human patients following cardiac events.\u003cbr\u003e\nGLP-1 and Brain Health\u003cbr\u003e\nThere is growing evidence that GLP-1 may support cognitive function and protect against neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. Studies in mice have shown that GLP-1 can enhance learning and memory, even in subjects with genetic predispositions to cognitive impairment. Furthermore, animals engineered to overexpress GLP-1 receptors in specific brain regions have demonstrated superior cognitive performance compared to controls.\u003cbr\u003e\nAdditional research suggests that GLP-1 may help shield neurons from damage caused by excessive excitatory signaling. In experimental models, it has protected brain cells from glutamate-induced apoptosis and promoted nerve growth. These findings have led researchers to explore GLP-1’s potential role in slowing or even reversing neurodegenerative conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\nNotably, studies in mice have shown that GLP-1 and its analogue, exendin-4, can reduce levels of amyloid beta, a protein associated with Alzheimer’s disease. While scientists continue to investigate whether preventing amyloid beta accumulation can alter disease progression, these findings offer promising insights into possible interventions for cognitive decline.\u003cbr\u003e\nSTRUCTURE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eChemical Formula: C₁₈₇H₂₉₁N₄₅O₅₉\u003cbr\u003e\nMolecular Mass: 4113.58 g\/mol\u003cbr\u003e\nAmino Acid Sequence: HXEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAK-OH.steric diacid-EFIAWLVRGRG\u003cbr\u003e\nCAS Registry Number: 910463-68-2\u003cbr\u003e\nPubChem Identifier: 56843331\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCITATIONS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePhysiology of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 | Physiological Reviews\u003cbr\u003e\nCombination Therapy: Lisofylline and Exendin-4 in Autoimmune Diabetes – PubMed\u003cbr\u003e\nCardiac Protection and GLP-1: Impact on Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury | Diabetes Journal\u003cbr\u003e\nGLP-1 as a Potential Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy – PubMed\u003cbr\u003e\nHolst JJ. From the Incretin Concept to GLP-1-Based Diabetes Treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Biogenesis Peptides","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50989561970921,"sku":"PS001","price":55.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/6559\/1529\/files\/GLP1-S5-scaled.jpg?v=1778509508"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/6559\/1529\/collections\/Peptides_Verse_Collection_image_03_jpg.jpg?v=1779217092","url":"https:\/\/f1kjgr-r5.myshopify.com\/collections\/glp-1-research-compounds.oembed","provider":"Peptides Verse","version":"1.0","type":"link"}